Introduction to Linguistics- 7.11.2007

PHONETICS: REALISING SOUNDS

Speech:
Production
Transmission
Perception


Phonetic domains: the Phonetic Cycle
● The Articulatory Domain
– The IPA (A = Alphabet / Association)
– The Source-Filter Model of Speech Production

● The Acoustic Domain
– The Speech Wave-Form
– Basic Speech Signal Parameters
– The Time Domain: the Speech Wave-Form
– The Frequency Domain: simple & complex signals
* Fourier Analysis: the Spectrum
* Pitch extraction
– Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion

● The Auditory Domain: Anatomy of the Ear


The domains of phonetics:
The articulatory organs:
– Lungs
– Vocal cords in the larynx (Adam’s Apple)

● Positions:
– Uvula
o with back of tongue
– Pharynx
o with velum (nasals)
– Velum (soft palate)
o contact with tongue: velars
– Palate (hard palate)
o with tongue
– Alveolar ridge
– Upper teeth
o with tongue
o with lower lip
– Upper lip
o with lower lip
o perhaps with tongue


Speech production: Source- Filter Model:

Description of sounds: two levels
● For general pronunciation representation in the lexicon:
– phonemic transcription
– just enough phonetic detail to distinguish words
● For detailed representation of speech pronunciation:
– phonetic transcription based on
o articulatory phonetics (about speech production)
– remember the other dimensions of speech description:
o acoustic phonetics (about speech wave transmission)
o auditory phonetics (about speech perception)

The ear: